Piazza Navona

Rivalry between Bernini and Borromini: It is said that Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini, two of the greatest architects of the Roman Baroque, were bitter rivals. This is reflected in the statues of Bernini’s Fountain of the Four Rivers: one of the figures appears to cover his eyes to “shield” himself from the view of the facade of the church of Sant’Agnese in Agone, designed by Borromini. Although this legend is fascinating, it is likely only a myth, since the church was completed after the fountain.

Origin of Name: The name “Navona” comes from the Latin *in agone*, meaning “in the game” or “in competition,” referring to the athletic competitions that took place in the ancient Stadium of Domitian. Over time, *in agone* became *navone* and then “Navona.”

“Flooded” Square: In past centuries, during the summer heat, Romans closed the fountain outlets to flood the square and create a kind of artificial lake. This tradition, called the *lake festival*, allowed citizens to cool off and lasted until the 19th century.

A Place of Public Executions: Piazza Navona has been the scene of numerous public executions. During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the square was often used as a place to expose those condemned to death, a macabre spectacle that drew crowds of spectators.

The Legend of the Befana Witch: Every Christmas, the square is transformed into a lively marketplace with stalls full of sweets, toys and Christmas items. It is famous for the presence of Befana, the Epiphany witch, who according to Italian tradition brings gifts to good children and coal to bad ones.

A Living Theater for Films and Works of Art: Piazza Navona has been the backdrop for numerous Italian and international films, such as *Angels and Demons* and *The Great Beauty*, as well as numerous paintings and pictures. Its charm makes it one of the most popular natural sets for works that aim to represent the heart of Rome.

These curiosities confirm how Piazza Navona is not only an architectural wonder, but also a place rich in history, mysteries, and folk traditions!

PIAZZA NAVONA AND THE BEFANA

Piazza Navona and the Befana are linked by a tradition beloved by Romans and visitors alike: the Befana market, which is held in the square during the Christmas season and reaches its climax precisely on January 6, Epiphany Day. This festival transforms Piazza Navona into a real Christmas village, full of colorful stalls, lights and decorations that capture the attention and imagination of adults and children alike

The Befana Market in Piazza Navona

During the month of December and the first days of January, the square comes alive with numerous stalls selling toys, sweets, stockings to fill, Christmas decorations, and, of course, the Befana’s famous “coal,” sweet and black for children who have misbehaved “badly.” It is an occasion when handicrafts, handmade decorations and quaint souvenirs can be purchased.

Festive Atmosphere

The square is filled with lights and Bernini’s Fountain of the Four Rivers, the Church of St. Agnes and other fountains become part of an enchanted atmosphere, creating an atmospheric spectacle that attracts visitors of all ages. There are also street performers, merry-go-rounds, puppet shows and children’s theaters, making the square even more lively and full of joy. One of the most anticipated attractions is the appearance of the Befana herself, who arrives to greet children, pose for photos, and sometimes hand out small gifts.

The Night of the Epiphany

Epiphany Eve, the night between January 5 and 6, is the highlight. On this special night, children leave their stockings hanging, hoping that the Befana will bring them sweets and small gifts. Tradition has it that the Befana visits the square, bringing with her the atmosphere of magic and mystery that only she can create.

An Appointment Not to Be Missed

For those visiting Rome during the Christmas season, the Befana market in Piazza Navona is a must-see event, combining the baroque beauty of the square with Italian tradition. It is a celebration that evokes not only the magic of Christmas, but also the folklore and affection Italians feel for the figure of Befana, the “grandmother” who closes the holidays by bringing joy to children.

In short, Piazza Navona and the Befana represent a unique combination of art, history, and folk tradition, making this celebration an unforgettable experience for anyone who attends.